A possible increase of arthritis risk for elite athletes has been discussed quite a lot, but there is still no consensus. The research previously done shows possibly higher risk, but the results are inconclusive. For now it has been believed, that only sport that does not raise the risk of arthritis is long distance running. Still, further studies need to be done to prove it.
A UK study reviewed 32 most popular sports, both team and individual, to find a connection between the intensity of sports, certain joint participation, injuries and possibility of developing arthritis. The researchers failed to find a strong connection across the study subjects.
By analyzing 46 studies, researchers found that there is some data about increased risk for athletes to develop osteoarthritis. But mostly the studies were inconclusive or poor quality, therefore definite conclusions can´t be made.
It is important to view the existing research with caution, because of flaws in study design. For example, mostly studies focus on osteoarthritis in lower body parts, and don´t include sports with high trauma risk, like American football.
It is an important question that many people ask their doctors. Can sports really increase the risk of joint damage? Researchers believe that the inconclusive results of studies are a good argument to say that sports do not increase osteoarthritis risk, especially for non professionals. Since there is a global epidemic of obesity, possible risk of osteoarthritis can overweight the risk of having obesity-related health damage. It is important to add exercise to daily routine.
The statistics in America show that there are 3 million new cases of osteoarthritis each year. Most susceptible to this disease are older people with previous injury, obesity and weak muscles. Health professionals stress the need to encourage sports participation, not only because of the physical benefits but also mental health benefits.
Recent study for elite athletes reviewed 24 studies, from which 19 showed increased risk for elite athletes to develop osteoarthritis. There is also a higher risk to develop osteoarthritis for those who participate in sports with greater intensity. From the 24 studies, 15 included soccer, from which 12 found a link to osteoarthritis. There was no association with osteoarthritis for long distance runners. For people with previous sports injuries like meniscus tears and anterior cruciate ligament injuries there is an association for higher risk of osteoarthritis.
For people, that want to start exercising it is best to start with low-impact activities that build enough strength. If a person has had a joint injury, during the rehabilitation process it is important to get strong, and learn how to exercise without harming the body. Once the injury has healed and there is enough muscle to support the joints, it is safe to do high impact sports, like running.
